Ungayikhetha njani iThebhulethi eLungileyo yeLinux: Yocto vs Debian

Njengoko uluntu oluvulelekileyo lwaphuhliswa, kukwanjalo nokuthandwa kweenkqubo. Ukukhetha isixokelelwano esisebenzayo esilungisiweyo singenza imisebenzi emininzi ukuba iphunyezwe kwisixhobo esinye. I-Linux distros, i-Yocto kunye ne-Debian, lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo. Makhe sijonge ukufana kunye nomahluko phakathi kweYocto kunye neDebian ukukhetha ilungelo kwishishini lakho.

I-Yocto ayisiyo i-linux distro esemthethweni ngokwenyani, kodwa isakhelo sabaphuhlisi ukuphuhlisa i-Linux distro elungiselelwe ngokwezidingo zabo. I-Yocto ibandakanya isakhelo esigama lingu-OpenEmbedded (OE), eyenza lula kakhulu inkqubo yokwakha yenkqubo edibeneyo ngokubonelela ngezixhobo zokwakha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nephakheji yesofthiwe ecebileyo. Kuphela ngokwenza umyalelo, yonke inkqubo yokwakha ingagqitywa ngokuzenzekelayo, kuquka ukukhuphela, ukuchithwa, ukudibanisa, ukuqwalasela, ukuqulunqa kunye nokuvelisa. Ukongeza, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafakele kuphela amathala eencwadi athile afunekayo kunye nokuxhomekeka, okwenza inkqubo ye-Yocto ithathe indawo yememori encinci kwaye inokwanelisa iimfuno zemeko edibeneyo enezixhobo ezincinci. Ngamafutshane, ezi mpawu zisebenza njengesixhobo sokusetyenziswa kweYocto kwiinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo eziphezulu.

I-Debian, kwelinye icala, yinkqubo yokusebenza yendalo yonke evuthiweyo. Isebenzisa i-dpkg yendalo kunye ne-APT (iSixhobo sokuPakisha esiPhezulu) ukulawula iipakethe zesoftware. Ezi zixhobo zifana neevenkile ezinkulu, apho abasebenzisi banokufumana zonke iintlobo zesoftware abayifunayo, kwaye banokuyifumana lula. Ngokufanelekileyo, ezi venkile ezinkulu ziya kuthatha indawo enkulu yokugcina. Ngokwemeko yendawo yedesktop, iYocto kunye neDebian nazo zibonisa umahluko. IDebian ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeenketho zobume bedesktop, njengeGNOME, KDE, njl., ngelixa iYocto ingaqulathanga imeko-bume yedesktop epheleleyo okanye ibonelela kuphela imeko-bume yedesktop ekhaphukhaphu. Ngaloo ndlela iDebian ilunge ngakumbi kuphuhliso njengenkqubo yedesktop kuneYocto. Nangona i-Debian ijolise ekunikezeni indawo ezinzileyo, ekhuselekileyo kunye nelula ukuyisebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza, ikwanayo nobutyebi beendlela zokukhetha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ngelizwi, kwintsimi yenkqubo yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekileyo, i-Yocto kunye neDebian zineenzuzo zabo. I-Yocto, enezinga eliphezulu lokwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokuguquguquka, isebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezifakwe kunye nezixhobo ze-IOT. I-Debian, kwelinye icala, ibalasele kwiinkqubo zeseva kunye nedesktop ngenxa yozinzo kunye nethala leencwadi elikhulu lesoftware.

Xa ukhetha inkqubo yokusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyivavanya ngokweemeko zesicelo kunye neemfuno. I-3Rtable ineetafile ezimbini eziqinileyo ezisekwe kwiYocto:AT-10ALkwayeI-VT-7AL, kwaye enye isekwe kwiDebian:VT-10 IMX. Zombini zinoyilo oluluqilima lweqokobhe kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, ezinokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezolimo, imigodi, ulawulo lweenqwelo, njl. nabo, benze esona sisombululo sifanelekileyo kwaye bakunike inkxaso yobugcisa ehambelanayo.