Indlela yokukhetha iThebhulethi yeLinux eLungileyo: Yocto vs Debian

Njengoko uluntu oluvulelekileyo lwaphuhliswa, kwanjalo nokusasazwa kweenkqubo ezifakiweyo. Ukukhetha inkqubo yokusebenza efakiweyo efanelekileyo kunokwenza imisebenzi emininzi iphunyezwe kwisixhobo esinye. Ii-distros zeLinux, iYocto kunye neDebian, zezona zikhetho zifanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezifakiweyo. Makhe sijonge ukufana kunye nomahluko phakathi kweYocto kunye neDebian ukuze ukhethe eyona ifanelekileyo kushishino lwakho.

I-Yocto ayisiyo-distro ye-linux esemthethweni, kodwa yisakhelo sabaphuhlisi sokuphuhlisa i-distro yeLinux eyenzelwe wena ngokweemfuno zabo. I-Yocto ibandakanya isakhelo esibizwa ngokuba yi-OpenEmbedded (OE), esenza lula kakhulu inkqubo yokwakha inkqubo efakwe ngaphakathi ngokubonelela ngezixhobo zokwakha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nephakheji yesoftware etyebileyo. Kuphela ngokwenza umyalelo, yonke inkqubo yokwakha inokugqitywa ngokuzenzekelayo, kubandakanya ukukhuphela, ukususa i-compress, ukupakisha, ukumisela, ukuqokelela kunye nokwenza. Ukongeza, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafake kuphela iilayibrari ezithile ezifunekayo kunye nokuxhomekeka, okwenza i-Yocto-system ithathe indawo encinci yememori kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zendawo efakwe ngaphakathi enezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo. Ngamafutshane, ezi mpawu zisebenza njengesikhuthazo sokusetyenziswa kwe-Yocto kwiinkqubo ezifakwe ngaphakathi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu.

Kwelinye icala, iDebian yinkqubo yokusebenza evuthileyo esetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela. Isebenzisa i-dpkg yendalo kunye ne-APT (i-Advanced Packaging Tool) ukulawula iipakethe zesoftware. Ezi zixhobo zifana neevenkile ezinkulu, apho abasebenzisi banokufumana zonke iintlobo zesoftware abazidingayo, kwaye banokuzifumana ngokulula. Ngokunjalo, ezi venkile zinkulu ziya kuthatha indawo yokugcina engaphezulu. Ngokuphathelele imeko-bume yedesktop, iYocto kunye neDebian nazo zibonisa umahluko. IDebian ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zemeko-bume yedesktop, ezifana neGNOME, KDE, njl.njl., ngelixa iYocto ingenalo imeko-bume yedesktop epheleleyo okanye ibonelela kuphela ngemeko-bume yedesktop elula. Ngaloo ndlela iDebian ifanelekile ngakumbi kuphuhliso njengenkqubo yedesktop kuneYocto. Nangona iDebian ijolise ekunikezeni imeko-bume yokusebenza ezinzileyo, ekhuselekileyo nelula ukuyisebenzisa, ikwanazo neendlela ezininzi zokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ngamafutshane, kwicandelo lenkqubo yokusebenza evulelekileyo, iYocto kunye neDebian zinezibonelelo zazo. IYocto, enezinga eliphezulu lokwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokuguquguquka, isebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezifakiweyo kunye nezixhobo ze-IOT. IDebian, kwelinye icala, ibalasele kwiinkqubo zeseva kunye nedesktop ngenxa yozinzo lwayo kunye nelayibrari enkulu yesoftware.

Xa ukhetha inkqubo yokusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyivavanya ngokweemeko zokwenyani zesicelo kunye neemfuno. I-3Rtable ineethebhulethi ezimbini eziqinileyo ezisekelwe kwiYocto:I-AT-10ALkwayeVT-7AL, kwaye enye isekelwe kwiDebian:I-VT-10 IMXZombini zinoyilo oluqinileyo lweqokobhe kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, okunokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezixineneyo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezolimo, ezemigodi, ulawulo lweenqwelo-mafutha, njl. Ungasixelela kuphela iimfuno zakho ezithile kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, kwaye iqela lethu le-R&D liya kuzivavanya, lenze isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwaye likunike inkxaso yobugcisa efanelekileyo.